Fishing in Maryland offers unparalleled opportunities, from the Chesapeake Bay’s tidal waters teeming with striped bass to the serene trout streams of the Appalachian Highlands. However, navigating the state’s licensing requirements is essential to avoid fines and contribute to conservation efforts. This guide answers the critical question, “Do you need a fishing license in Maryland?”, while providing authoritative, up-to-date information on obtaining licenses, understanding regulations, and exploring prime fishing spots.
Do You Need a Fishing License in Maryland?
Maryland’s fishing license requirements are designed to balance accessibility with conservation. Anglers aged 16 and older must have a valid license to fish in public waters, whether they are residents or visitors. However, exemptions and special programs ensure flexibility for certain groups.
Key Exemptions
- Youth Anglers:
Children under 16 are exempt from licensing requirements. This encourages family participation in fishing, a cornerstone of Maryland’s outdoor culture. - Free Fishing Days:
Maryland designates four free fishing days annually (January 20, June 1–2, and July 4, 2024–2025). On these days, anyone can fish without a license, offering a risk-free introduction to angling. Learn more about these dates on the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) Free Fishing Days page. - Private Property Fishing:
Anglers fishing on privately owned ponds or streams adjacent to their property do not need a license, provided they have the landowner’s permission. - Charter Boat Passengers:
Individuals fishing aboard a licensed charter vessel are covered under the boat’s commercial license. However, separate licenses are required if fishing independently after the trip.
For clarity on exemptions, consult the Maryland DNR Licensing FAQ.
Types of Maryland Fishing Licenses
Maryland offers licenses tailored to fishing environments (freshwater vs. saltwater), durations, and demographics. Below is an in-depth breakdown of options valid through 2025.
1. Freshwater Licenses
Freshwater licenses are required for fishing in non-tidal rivers, lakes, and streams.
- Annual Non-Tidal License:
- Cost: $22.00 (residents), $32.00 (non-residents) for 2024–2025.
- Validity: 365 days from purchase date.
- Coverage: Species include largemouth bass, trout, and chain pickerel. A Trout Stamp ($5.50) is mandatory for fishing in designated trout streams like the Gunpowder River.
- Short-Term Licenses:
- 7-Day Non-Tidal: $16.50 (non-residents). Ideal for summer vacations.
- 3-Day Non-Tidal: $11.50 (non-residents). Perfect for weekend getaways to Deep Creek Lake.
2. Saltwater Licenses
Saltwater licenses are required for fishing in tidal waters like the Chesapeake Bay.
- Chesapeake Bay & Coastal Sport Fishing License:
- Cost: $16.00 (residents), $24.00 (non-residents).
- Coverage: Includes striped bass (rockfish), bluefish, and summer flounder.
- Maryland Saltwater Angler Registration:
- Cost: Free.
- Purpose: Tracks recreational saltwater catches to inform conservation policies. Register via the NOAA Fisherman Registry.
3. Discounts and Special Permits
- Senior Licenses: Residents aged 65+ pay $11.50 for an annual non-tidal license.
- Veterans and Disabled Anglers: 50% discount on annual licenses with valid military or disability documentation.
- Commercial Licenses: Required for selling catches. Fees range from $50 (individual) to $300 (businesses).
How to Obtain a Fishing License in Maryland
Acquiring a license is streamlined through multiple channels.
1. Online via COMPASS Portal
The Maryland DNR COMPASS Portal is the fastest method.
- Steps:
- Create an account with your Social Security Number and Maryland address.
- Select license type and add-ons (e.g., trout stamp).
- Pay via credit/debit card.
- Print or store a digital copy on your smartphone.
2. In-Person Vendors
Over 300 authorized vendors statewide, including:
- Retail Chains: Walmart, Dick’s Sporting Goods.
- Bait Shops: Angler’s Sport Center (Annapolis), Tochterman’s (Baltimore).
3. Mail Application
Download forms from the DNR Forms Repository, mail with a check, and receive your license within 10 business days.
Maryland Fishing Regulations (2024–2025)
Maryland’s regulations ensure sustainable fisheries. Key updates include:
1. Size and Catch Limits
- Striped Bass (Rockfish):
- Chesapeake Bay: Minimum 21 inches; daily limit of 1 fish (April 15–December 20, 2024).
- Coastal Waters: Minimum 30 inches; daily limit of 1 fish.
- Blue Catfish: No size limit in tidal waters to control invasive populations.
2. Seasonal Restrictions
- Trout Season:
- Put-and-Take Areas: Open year-round.
- Wild Trout Streams: Catch-and-release only from October 1–March 31.
- Crabbing:
- Recreational Limits: 1 bushel per person (hard crabs), 2 dozen peeler crabs.
- License Requirement: $5.00 for residents using collapsible traps.
3. Gear Restrictions
- Circle Hooks: Mandatory when live-lining or chumming for striped bass.
- Lead-Free Tackle: Required in designated areas like the Savage River.
For real-time updates, use the Maryland DNR FishTalk App.
Prime Fishing Locations in Maryland
Maryland’s diverse waterways cater to all angling preferences.
1. Chesapeake Bay
- Target Species: Striped bass, white perch, blue crabs.
- Hotspots:
- Thomas Point Shoal: Prime for trophy rockfish.
- Kent Narrows: Renowned for summer flounder.
2. Deep Creek Lake
- Target Species: Smallmouth bass, walleye, yellow perch.
- Best Tactics: Troll with crankbaits near underwater structures.
3. Gunpowder Falls State Park
- Target Species: Wild brown trout, rainbow trout.
- Regulations: Catch-and-release sections in the Big Gunpowder River.
4. Potomac River
- Target Species: Channel catfish, American shad.
- Access: Fletcher’s Cove in Washington, D.C., offers boat rentals.
5. Assateague Island
- Target Species: Red drum, black drum.
- Permits: $10 daily surf fishing permit for vehicle access.
Ethical Angling and Conservation
Responsible fishing ensures Maryland’s waters thrive for future generations.
- Practice Catch-and-Release: Use barbless hooks and wet hands to handle fish.
- Report Violations: Contact the DNR Natural Resources Police at 1-800-628-9944.
- Join Conservation Efforts: Volunteer with the Chesapeake Bay Foundation.
Final Thoughts
Obtaining a fishing license in Maryland is a small yet vital step in preserving the state’s aquatic ecosystems. By adhering to regulations and supporting conservation, anglers contribute to sustainable fisheries. Whether you’re casting for trophy rockfish or introducing a child to their first bluegill, Maryland’s waters promise unforgettable experiences.